Targeting oxidative stress in cancer management: The role of antioxidant phytochemicals

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Oxidative stress is defined as a state where there is an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability of the body to detoxify it and is implicated in cancer initiation, promotion, and resistance to treatment. Although ROS can contribute to tumorigenesis via DNA damage and oncogenic signaling, they can also cause cancer cell death at high concentrations, making oxidative stress a multifaceted and crucial target in cancer therapy. Phytochemicals that have antioxidant properties, which are naturally present in plants, have the potential to target oxidative stress and enhance cancer treatment. Aim: This review focuses on how oxidative stress is involved in cancer development and progression and the paradoxical effects of ROS in tumour cells. It assesses the ability of antioxidant phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids, to reduce oxidative stress, influence important signaling pathways, and improve the effectiveness of conventional cancer treatments. Method: Scientific databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus, were used, and peer-reviewed literature published within ten years were collected. Results: Based on this study, natural antioxidants present in phytochemicals like curcumin, resveratrol, and green tea polyphenols, have been reported to possess therapeutic properties that include reducing oxidative stress, modulating various signaling pathways, and improving cancer treatment outcomes. Conclusion: This review explores the potential of antioxidant phytochemicals in cancer treatment, aiming to create more effective therapeutic approaches and address existing hurdles. It guides clinicians and researchers on the appropriate application of these compounds for personalized and holistic cancer treatment.