Abstract
Research on fuel cell components has received great attention owing to the growing need for sustainable energy sources. Bismuth (Bi3+) codoped samarium-doped cerium oxide [Ce1−xSmx−yBiyO2−δ (x = 0.2 and y = 0, 0.05 and 0.1)] nanosystems were prepared by solid-state reaction method. Rietveld structure refinement of X-ray diffraction pattern confirms the cubic fluorite structure along the (111) plane with the decrease in lattice distortion. At the same sintering temperature, pellets exhibit good morphology with better mechanical strength. The conductivity measurements carried out using the Nyquist plot, as well as the modulus spectra, indicate the effect of grain and grain boundary conduction at high temperatures. With the increase in the incorporation of Bi dopant, there is a gradual decrease in ionic conductivity and activation energy. The composition of Ce0.8Sm0.1Bi0.1O2−δ exhibits less ionic conductivity compared to other samples due to the oxygen vacancies attracted by dopant cations. The effect of Bi3+ dopants on samarium-doped ceria lattice structures and the electrical properties of the systems have been discussed.
Highlights
The rapid industrialization and urbanization increased the usage of energy in day-to-day life
The researchers are focusing their attention on the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), due to their high energy conversion and low environmental impact
The XRD pattern gives a clear indication of the cubic fluorite structure (ICCD file no:34-0394)
Summary
The rapid industrialization and urbanization increased the usage of energy in day-to-day life. The main crisis that we are facing is the massive discharge of contaminants and pollutants due to the heat engines utilizing fossil fuel. All these factors boost the prospect of global warming [1]. The researchers are focusing their attention on the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), due to their high energy conversion and low environmental impact. The main drawback of SDC prepared by a solid state method is its high sintering temperature to obtain desirable chemical homogeneity and density. The pellet sintered at a high temperature cannot be cofired with the electrode material To overcome these inherent limitations, it is desirable to prepare a high-density pellet at reduced sintering temperature to reduce the cost of fabricating SOFCs [4-6]
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