Abstract
The tailed dsDNA bacteriophages or Caudovirales include three morphological families, Myoviridae, with contractile tails (example, phage T4), Siphoviridae with long, non-contractile tails (example, phage λ), and Podoviridae, with short, stumpy tails (examples, phages P22 and T7). Virions assemble via converging pathways. Capsids are built as empty procapsids and filled with genomic DNA; tails and tail fibers are made separately and tails are joined to capsids, followed by tail fibers. Tails and fibers identify hosts, then deliver the phage chromosome to the host where it is actively replicated, transcribed and translated to make progeny phage or enters a dormant, lysogenic state.
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