Abstract
The need for a more sustainable environment with reduced carbon emissions to preserve our climate necessitates increasing the renewable mix of total electric power generation. To achieve the goals set in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, various stakeholders including governments, investors, end-users, etc. need to duly play their part. However, there is still a need for a greater understanding of the systemic factors at local and global levels amongst the various stakeholders to better realize this objective. Some countries are already meeting their targets while others lag. This review article presents the key systemic factors influencing the success of renewable energy programs across national income categories. It discusses systems factors, national economies, energy capacities, and social effects, and examines the impact of policy instruments and targets on renewable energy deployment. The importance of national governments’ commitment to local targets is highlighted, along with the effects of policy development, planning, technologies, supply chains, etc.
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