Abstract
Inelasticity of demand along with the distributed energy sources and energy market democratization pose significant challenges which have considerable negative impacts on overall grid balance. The need for increased capacity and flexibility in the era of energy market digitalization has introduced new requirements in the energy supply network which could not be satisfied without continuous and costly local power network upgrades. Additionally, with the emergence of Smart Homes (SHs) and Home Energy Management (HEM) systems for monitoring and operating household appliances, opportunities have arisen for automated Demand Response (DR). DR is exploited for the modification of the consumer energy demand, in response to the specific conditions within the electricity system (e.g., peak period network congestion). In order to optimally integrate DR in the broader Smart Grid (SG) system, modelling of the system parameters and safety analysis is required. In this paper, the implementation of STPA (System-Theoretic Process Analysis) structured method, as a relatively new hazard analysis technique for complex systems is presented and the feasibility of STPA implementation for loss prevention on a Demand Response system for home energy management, and within the complex SG context, is examined. The applied method delivers a mechanism useful in understanding where gaps in current operational risk structures may exist. The STPA findings in terms of loss scenarios can be used to generate a variety of safeguards to ensure secure operational control and in implementing targeted strategies through standard approaches of risk assessment.
Highlights
More complex modelling techniques are required to handle the multi-dimensional synthesis of accidents in the electricity systems
The components of a smartgrid interact in ways that are complex and unforeseen at first glance, and this complexity leads to hazard states and risk scenarios which traditional hazard analysis techniques are unable to cope with
New analysis techniques, which are based on systems theory rather than on individual component failures, can provide advanced capabilities in analyzing and controlling such complex systems and processes
Summary
The grid can be considered as a complex System of Systems (SoS) and in this regard, understanding and modelling of its different parts and their interrelation is required [2]. These interrelations need to consider technology energy distribution and supply as well as account for environmental friendliness and economic impacts. The National Institute of Standard & Technology identifies seven pillars within the Smartgrid system which are bulk generation, transmission, distribution, markets, operators, service provider, and customer [3]. The objectives of a Smartgrid are to provide operational and energy efficiency, customer satisfaction and emission reduction by incorporating advanced technology-based practices such as network optimization, preventive
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