Abstract
Reverse Microemulsion Precipitation” was firstly developed for synthesizing SnO2 nanopowders were intended to as advanced structural materials and hazardous gases, particulates (Pb, Cd, Hg) sensing nanofabricated devices: sensor, transducer, MOSFET, electrodes. Prepared controlled nanopowders were encapsulated with oil phases in spherical water pole at water to surfactant mole ratio w0=8 and w0=10. Characteristic absorption of semiconductor at 303.4 nm and no absorption in higher and absorption edge in the 321.6-371.6 nm and band gap energy (3.6eV) were observed by UV-Vis measurement confirmed 2SnO2.4H2O nanoparticles is semiconductor. Sn-O stretching band at 678.94 cm-1 and no other groups presence confirmed complete removal of adsorbed chemicals in the course of calcination at 600°C about 4.0 hours from FTIR spectrum. XRD investigation found out phase pure tetragonal SnO2 nanocrystalline structures and average crystalline size 0.2380 nm at w0=8. SEM images exhibited spherical morphology counting average particle size 153.242 nm and 131.604 nm and average diameter 8.02 nm at w0=8 and 10.01 nm at w0=10 respectively. Higher specific surface area was observed 107.731 m2/ g (count 637) more than 86.314 m2/ g (count 341) of relatively larger diameter which is more pronounced compared to ordinary Reverse Microemulsion Method. Findings and standards established this synthesis method as suitable for obtaining the higher degree of surface area and finest crystallinity.
Highlights
The chemical synthesis and characterization of SnO2 nanopowders have received revolutionary attention from many researchers in diversified areas in worldwide [1]
The UV-visible spectrum of 2SnO2.4H2O nanoparticles in solution at water to surfactant mole ratio w0=8 is to have presented in Figure 1 and displayed an intense characteristics absorption in the 303.4 nm wavelength range and an absorption edge between 321.6 nm and 371.6 nm and being have higher energy in consequence of the relatively larger photon energy than band gap energy to excite and transfer an electron to conduction band from valance band
The band gap energy of SnO2 nanopowders was calculated by UV-Vis measurement and using Tauc relation [11]:2 = A where, Eg is the band gap energy and α is the optical absorption coefficient for nanoparticles
Summary
The chemical synthesis and characterization of SnO2 nanopowders have received revolutionary attention from many researchers in diversified areas in worldwide [1]. Since its high band gap, low electrical and magnetic properties, nano SnO2 powders are used in several electronic applications as insulators, semiconductors and magnets, thin film etc. Antifungal, antiviral properties, it is found to be used as bio-medical purposes e.g. bone grafting, dental implants, in normal water filter and ultra-pure water filter [7]. All of these aspects, its more efficient application found to be in nanofabricated sensor of environmentally hazardous gases (CH4, CO, H2S, CO2, NO2), pollutants and particulates (Pb, Cd, Hg) [8]. For the efficiency of above mentioned products, nanosized SnO2 nanopowders preparation method with high surface area is concerned [9]
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