Abstract
This article presents the results of the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials: Nanoscale materials obtained by carbonization of waste agricultural products (apricot kernel, walnut, rice husk). The results of physico-chemical characteristics of the obtained nanomaterials. Physico-chemical parameters of the synthesis of carbonized sorbents based on plant raw material are investigated along with the properties of these sorbents. The data of FTIR, ESR spectroscopy & BET- method, as well as electron microscopy are reported. It is stated that carbonized sorbents possess high specific surface area and porosity. Carboxylic, carbonyl, hydroxyl groups are detected on the surface of the synthesized sorbents. It is assumed that high sorption ability with respect to Co, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cu ions is connected with the formation of chelate complexes. It was shown that carbonized nanostructured sorbents are able to: adsorb cesium-137 (137Cs), strontium-90 (90Sr) & lead-210 (210Pb) successfully; reduce ions of gold (III) on the surface selectively; separate fusicoccine and similar biostimulators effectively; remove LPS-endotoxines from blood plasma selectively. They may be used as carriers to introduce probiotics into intestine thanks to formation of stable colonies on their developed surface. A method of preparation of honeycomb monoliths from carbonized rice husk with developed mesoporous structure via modification of the porous structure by silica leaching has been developed.
Highlights
Carbon adsorbents are widely used in various processes of purification of contaminants and recovery of valuable materials from liquids and gases
It became known that the maximum values of porosity and density of the samples shows rice husk, carbonized at a temperature of 650 oC as well. apricot kernel samples, carbonized at a temperature 800 oC
According to the results of the experiments found that the carbonization of the samples apricot kernel and rice husk, increases the specific surface area, porosity and a decrease in the density of the final product
Summary
Carbon adsorbents are widely used in various processes of purification of contaminants and recovery of valuable materials from liquids and gases. They are used in medicine, for example, to remove from the body fluids of individual components for cleaning the blood, as well as for the chromatographic separation of biomolecules[1]. Activated carbon from plant material is cheap and readily available sorbent with a high porosity, strength, and reusable Processing of this type of stuff is usually performed in an oxygen-free environment in a vacuum or under nitrogen, at temperatures that are in the range from 150 to 900 °C. The aim of this work is the selection of optimum conditions of carbonization and the study of the structure of obtained adsorbents. [5]
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