Synthesis of Amines and Ammonium Salts

Abstract

Displacement reactions for the synthesis of amines using nitrogen nucleophiles are summarized in this chapter. This chapter is divided into two sections in which the first section discusses different strategies toward the alkylation of amines and amine equivalents. Nitrogen nucleophiles were employed to substitute leaving groups like halides and sulfonates and also in the conjugate displacement of ester and carbonate leaving groups in substrates like Morita–Baylis–Hillman adduct. Further, a discussion on Mitsunobu amination is included that covers methods for the displacement of unactivated alcohols. Ring-opening of epoxides with various nitrogen nucleophiles is also included. Transition metal-catalyzed allylic amination reactions are covered in the next section. Enantioselective and regioselective allylic aminations catalyzed by Pd, Rh and Ir are described with emphasis on the nature of nucleophiles and ligands and also on the structure of the substrates.