Abstract

X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques constitute a powerful means of analyzing and characterizing materials used in batteries and fuel cells. The range of techniques available allow the positions of the atoms in the unit cell (the crystal structure) to be established, the presence and preponderance of know crystalline materials to be established, together with a variety of microstructural information such as crystallite size, crystallite strain, and preferred orientation. In a brief introduction, the principles of X-ray and neutron diffraction are presented. The sources of X-rays and neutrons are described and the basics of the kinematical scattering theory of X-rays are outlined. The structural information principally extractable from diffraction experiments is compiled, demonstrating the potential of the diffraction methods.

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