Economics of Chemical Methanol Production

Abstract

Methanol production can utilize various feedstock, such as natural gas, coal, biomass, and CO2 hydrogenation, each with distinct economic and environmental implications. Natural gas, particularly from remote or stranded reserves, is the most cost-effective due to its abundance and lower syngas production costs. However, syngas production represents over half the capital cost in gas-to-liquid plants. Coal-based methanol is viable in coal-rich areas but faces higher carbon emissions. Biomass-to-methanol processes offer renewable energy solutions and potential carbon neutrality but are challenged by higher costs and technical complexities. CO2 hydrogenation shows promise for reducing greenhouse gas emissions but requires advancements in catalyst efficiency and renewable hydrogen. This chapter compares these methods, providing a comprehensive economic assessment of methanol production pathways and emphasizing the potential of renewable sources in enhancing methanol production's economic and environmental sustainability.