Synthesis of 2,4-D/LHD hybrid nanocomposite using different aging times

Abstract

Different aging times (1, 2, 4, and 18 h) were used to intercalate the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) into the layered double hydroxide (ZnAl-LDH) using the coprecipitation method to form the 2,4-D/LDH hybrid nanocomposite. The XRD and FTIR results demonstrated that the herbicide was introduced into the layered structure of the LDH, forming an organic-inorganic crystalline nanohybrid in very short aging times, such as one h. The herbicide molecules introduced into the LDH-ZnAl produced an increase in basal spacing, a decrease in crystallinity, and changes in the morphology and particle size of the nanohybrid. The release kinetics obeyed the pseudo-second-order model, and the herbicide release mechanism was done via ion exchange. The analysis of the nanohybrids after herbicide release confirmed the insertion of carbonate anions via ion exchange into the lamellar structure of the LDH by decreasing the basal spacing.