Synthesis and characterization of a novel GaN – Poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-Poly(thiophene) Hybrid Nanocomposite: Dual functionality as an electrocatalyst for OFZ and photocatalyst for methylene blue degradation

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We introduce GaN-PEDOT-PTh, a groundbreaking hybrid nanomaterial synthesized via a two-step process involving ammonolysis and chemical oxidative techniques. The successful formation of core–shell structures underscores the adaptability of the GaN-PEDOT-PTh approach, particularly in enhancing photocatalytic performance. These characteristics significantly elevate its catalytic efficiency, as notably demonstrated by the rapid degradation of methyl blue (MB). Impressively, the hybrid achieves a 95.77 % MB degradation rate within just 80 min, attributed to its effective suppression of rapid electron-hole recombination, thereby amplifying overall photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, we utilized differential pulse voltammetry to detect the OFZ (OFZ) drug, employing a GaN-PEDOT-PTh-modified GCE as the working electrode. Linear responses to OFZ within the concentration range of 0.3 × 10−7 to 4.1 × 10−8 M were observed, demonstrating sensitivities with detection limits (DL) and quantification limits (QL) of 23.52 × 10−8 M µA−1 and 78.33 × 10−8 M µA−1, respectively.