Abstract
A large amount of heat is needed to maintain the thermal comfort of both indoor and outdoor swimming pools in cold seasons. This motivates the development of various heating technologies aiming to reduce energy use, as well as operating and investment costs. Although their development can be traced back to the 1960s, a comprehensive review of these technologies is lacking. Therefore, this paper presents a comprehensive review of the development of heating technologies for swimming pools. This review firstly introduces available heat transfer models that can be used to calculate or predict heat loss and heat gain for swimming pools. Then, different passive and active technologies are summarized. The active heating technologies used for indoor swimming pools include solar collector, heat pump, waste heat recovery, geothermal energy, and congregation technologies. The active heating technologies used for outdoor swimming pools include solar collector, heat pump, PCM storage, geothermal energy, biomass heater, and waste heat recovery technologies. A discussion is presented on the practical and possible heating techniques for swimming pool applications. Finally, through the reviewed literature, future research opportunities are identified, to guide researchers to investigate swimming pool heating systems with suitable and relevant technologies.
Highlights
A swimming pool heat transfer model is the basic requirement for investigating the performance of swimming pool heating systems
We present the current heating techniques applied in indoor swimming pool (ISP), including solar collector, heat pump, waste heat recovery, and geothermal energy technologies
The authors concluded that the energy use of the system with the compressor-driven heat pump and that of the open absorption system were reduced by 14% and 20%, respecttively, in comparison with the air heater system
Summary
Energy is a basic requirement of modern life (Xie et al 2018; Li et al 2020c) and the precondition for the development of industries in many respects, including agriculture, transportation, telecommunication, digitalization, etc. The annual energy use of a swimming pool facility varies from 600 kWh/m2 to 6,000 kWh/m2, related to the Building Systems and Components He latent heat resulting from water evaporation (J/kg) Tw water surface temperature (°C). Mousia and Dimoudi (2015) evaluated the energy use of OSPs in Greece, based on the data collected from questionnaires, surveys, and the General Secretary of Sports They found that most staff used conventional heating technologies (e.g. oil or gas boilers) to satisfy the OSPs’ heating demands. The results of their data analysis showed that the average annual energy use of an OSP was 2,456.16 kWh/m2, when a thermalinsulation cover was not adopted, and 1,827.45 kWh/m2, when a thermal-insulation cover was adopted.
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