Abstract
Achieving triple bottom lines (TBL) throughout a product's life cycle is important in sustainable products and services. However, existing studies address the aspects of TBL partially, considering only a few stages of the product life cycle. Therefore, we propose a sustainable product development and service (SPDS) approach to address the entire product life cycle in two phases, namely product development and service phases. The former comprises product design and manufacturing stages, whereas the latter involves multiple stages, such as product distribution, retail, use, maintenance, and end-of-life. The two phases connect and interact logically to attain the TBL. The proposed SPDS approach was used to develop a sustainable industrial LED lighting product and service that exhibited prominent environmental, social, and economic performances. The environmental impact of the new product was 46% lower than that of the existing product with the same light output. Additionally, cost savings increased up to 14% per year with the leasing service, which promotes workers’ welfare, reduces cost for the manufacturers, and generates a healthy recurring profit stream. Thus, the application of the novel SPDS is innovative and highly beneficial.
Highlights
The increasing demand for sustainable products has prompted multiple researchers to enhance the sustainability of products and services
The design and manufacturing stages are covered by the sustainable product development phase, and the remaining stages are considered under the sustainable product service phase
Sustainable product development To test the effectiveness of the proposed method, the sustainable product development and service (SPDS) approach is applied to an industrial LED lighting system to achieve holistic sustainability
Summary
The increasing demand for sustainable products has prompted multiple researchers to enhance the sustainability of products and services. To obtain sustainable products and services, the TBL must be implemented throughout the product life cycle. We propose a sustainable product development and service (SPDS) approach that addresses the entire product life cycle through two phases. The product development phase includes the product design and manufacturing stages, whereas the product service phase handles various stages, such as product distribution, retail, use, maintenance, and end-of-life (EoL). The two phases connect logically and interact effectively based on the proposed methods of design for service (DfS) and service feedback for design improvement (SfD). This interaction between the two phases advances the sustainability performance, which is demonstrated by the application of the proposed approach to a lighting product
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