Abstract
The aim of the present work was to create a simplified high-resolution three-dimensional model of kidneys, ureters and urinary bladder in a data form suitable for finite element/volume based numerical simulations. The exterior morphology of the organs was based on images from the Visible Human Male data set. In both the right and left kidney, there were defined their topographic relations to the neighbouring anatomical structures. This model of kidneys, ureters and urinary bladder will be incorporated into the model of The Visible Human Male abdomen and pelvis and it is ready to be used for numerical simulations in urinary system biomechanics.
Highlights
Urinary tract anatomy has been already studied thoroughly and until now, several three-dimensional (3-D) models of the urinary system have been published[3, 11]
The exterior morphology of the organs was based on images from the Visible Human Male data set
This model of kidneys, ureters and urinary bladder will be incorporated into the model of The Visible Human Male abdomen and pelvis and it is ready to be used for numerical simulations in urinary system biomechanics
Summary
Urinary tract anatomy has been already studied thoroughly and until now, several three-dimensional (3-D) models of the urinary system have been published[3, 11] These have been prepared with low or high resolution[8], with or without details, ignoring or respecting relations to surrounding anatomical structures and with manual or semi/automatic segmentation methods. Should the visualization be the primary goal of an anatomical reconstruction, the quality of the individual surface model elements is of less importance than the general appearance of the model These models serve educational purposes, improving the understanding of construction principles of anatomic structures[12], and for medical training, e.g. virtual endoscopy[2]. Should the reconstruction be intended for numerical simulation, the demands on the quality of the computational grid generated from the surface mesh become extremely high, because even the finest defect or inconsistency of the model can cause the numerical simulation to crash
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