Surface Characteristics of Milled and 3D Printed Denture Base Materials Following Polishing and Coating: An In-Vitro Study.

Pablo Kraemer Fernandez,Alexey Unkovskiy,Andrea Klink,Sebastian Spintzyk,Viola Benkendorff

doi:10.3390/ma13153305

Abstract

(1) Background: To date, no information on the polishability of milled and 3D-printed complete denture bases has been provided, which is relevant in terms of plaque accumulation. (2) Methods: three groups (n = 30) were manufactured using the cold-polymerization polymethilmethacrilate, milling (SM) and 3D printing (AM). 10 specimens of each group were left untreated (reference). 10 more specimens were pre-polished (intermediate polishing) and 10 final specimens were highgloss polished. An additional 20 specimens were 3D printed and coated with the liquid resin (coated), 10 of which were additionally polished (coated + polished). For each group Ra and Rz values, gloss value and REM images were obtained. (3). The “highgloss-polished” specimens showed statistically lower Ra and Rz values in the SM, followed by AM and conventional groups. In the AM group statistically lower surfaces roughness was revealed for highgloss-polished, “coated + polished”, and “coated” specimens, respectively. (4) Conclusions: The milled specimens demonstrated superiors surface characteristics than 3D printed and conventionally produced after polishing. The polished specimens demonstrated superior surface characteristics over coated specimens. However, the surface roughness by both polished and coated specimens was within the clinically relevant threshold of 0.2 µm.

Highlights

For a successful rehabilitation of edentulous patients, the commonly used prosthetic appliances must meet certain qualitative criteria, including a smooth resin surface [1]
Abrasive wear during mastication and mechanical cleaning, poor dental hygiene and decreased salivation may lead to a high plaque accumulation and cause stomatitis and oral candidiasis [2]
The first null hypothesis of this study hypothesis of this study was that there would be no significant differences in surface roughness was that there would conventional, be no significant differencesand in surface roughness polished conventional, between polished subtractive additive denturebetween materials; the second null subtractive additive denture materials; the second null hypothesis is same that the coated additive hypothesisand is that the coated additive specimens would provide at least the surface roughness specimens wouldones

Summary

Introduction

For a successful rehabilitation of edentulous patients, the commonly used prosthetic appliances must meet certain qualitative criteria, including a smooth resin surface [1]. Abrasive wear during mastication and mechanical cleaning, poor dental hygiene and decreased salivation may lead to a high plaque accumulation and cause stomatitis and oral candidiasis [2]. For this reason, either mechanical or chemical polishing, and coating procedures, are usually conducted to decrease the microbial adherence of denture surface [1,3,4]. A hydrophobic surface with a high surface energy and roughness. A hydrophobic surface with a high surface energy and roughness is potentially more vulnerable to plaque accumulation [5,6,7,8]. According to in-vitro is studies, potentially moreroughness vulnerable(Rtoa) plaque [5,6,7,8]

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