Abstract
We investigated the chemical bond nature of the constituent elements in the surface of the as-grown Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca n-1 Cu n O y ( Bi -based) superconducting whiskers by a high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. From the results, we found that lots of the impurities, e.g., carbon, hydroxyl and so on were adsorbed or absorbed on the surface of the as-grown whiskers. Moreover, the valence of the Cu in CuO 2 plane which is important for superconductivity has changed from divalent to less than divalent, which leads to the existence of the insulating layers in the surface of the Bi -based superconducting whiskers.
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