Supplementation of Seed Dust of Vicia Faba and Sesame Ameliorates High Lipid Diet-Induced Dyslipidemia in Rats

Abstract

Dyslipidaemia is a life style disorder characterized by increased levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides and also decreased HDL cholesterol levels which is turned into cardiovascular disease, a first leading cause of death in Worldwide. Lifestyle changes mainly healthy diet should be introduced to reduce the cardiovascular risk. Recent research on functional foods consumption for lipid-lowering effects has been well established. Seeds of Vicia faba (SVf) and sesame seeds (SSi) is one of the most popular foods due to high content of dietary fiber, proteins, vitamins, minerals, phytosterol, omega 3 fatty acids and other functional compounds. The study aimed to establish SVf and SSi as a powerful functional food for prevention and management of dyslipidemia. We formulated a normal diet (ND) and high lipid diet (HLD) for rats. HLD was formulated by increasing the 10.48%energy, 60.07% lipid, 100% cholesterol and 50% sucrose than ND. Rats were randomly divided into five groups fed ND, HLD, HLD+10%SVf dust,HLD+10%SSi dust and HLD + 5% SVf + 5% SSi of total food for 60 days. After 60 days of treatment, it was observed that there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C, malondialdehyde (MDA) and IL-18 levels but a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in HDL-C, superoxide dismutase (SOD) & catalase activity in HLD in compared with ND and other treated groups. HLD induced dyslipidemia while SVf and SSi produced antidyslipidemic activity decreasing plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C, MDA, IL-18 level and increasing HDL-C, SOD, and catalase. SVf and SSi combined feeding was potential synergistic effect and results suggest that this functional food consumption can prevent and management of dyslipidemia.