Anti-hyperlipidemic effect of oils from Sesamum indicum L. and Vicia faba L. on male Wistar rats

Abstract

This work evaluates the physicochemical properties and fatty acids profile of Sesamum indicum (SSiO) and Vicia faba (SVfO) seed oils, and studies the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of the composite oil (CO) of the seed oils in high lipid diet (HLD) induced male Wistar rats. To investigate the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of the CO, the rats were randomly assigned into six groups: group-I (control), group-II (HLD), group-III (HLD+CO-100 mg/kg), group-IV (HLD+CO-200 mg/kg), group-V (HLD+CO-400 mg/kg), and group-VI (HLD+atorvastatin-10 mg/kg). We found that the SSiO contained highest proportion of total polyunsaturated fatty acid (42.18%) and lowest proportion of total saturated fatty acid (16.21%), while the SVfO reflected highest total monounsaturated fatty acid (49.48%). In addition, the SSiO contained a high amount of oleic (41.30%) and linoleic acid (41.92%), whereas the SVfO contained a high amount of eicosenoic acid (44.26%). The administration of all the CO doses demonstrated a significant decrease in triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein-B, and malondialdehyde, and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein-A1, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels. The CO was also effective in histopathological changes in adipose tissue. The promising findings indicate that the CO has potential utility as a natural supplement and functional food to prevent hyperlipidemia.