Studying the Carbon Footprint of Carbon Dioxide Gas Coming Out of Chimneys and Electricity Production of Zahedan Gas Power Plant

Life cycle carbon dioxide emissions for fill dams

Introduction: Due to the huge resources of fossil fuels, Iran has a comparative advantage in the consumption of fossil fuels, and the consumption of these fuels may lead to environmental pollution. According to international organizations, carbon dioxide emissions in Iran have been increasing, so research in this area is necessary. This study for the first time predicts carbon dioxide emissions from coal, oil and natural gas consumption in Iran for the period 1982-1920 using the long-term memory method. According to the results of this study, it is predicted that in 2039, the amount of carbon dioxide emissions from coal is 4.8378 (MMtonnes CO2), carbon dioxide emissions from natural gas are 2,594 (MMtonnes CO2) and carbon dioxide emissions from consumption Crude oil reaches 95/353 (MMtonnes CO2). Natural gas emissions will emit more than other fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide emissions from all three fossil fuels increase. Emissions of carbon dioxide from gaseous fossil fuels will reach 169,701 kilotons in 2039, carbon emissions from liquefied fuels will reach 787,698 kilotons and solid fossil fuels will reach 3605 kilotons in 2039. Liquid carbon dioxide emissions will be higher than other fuels. With GIS method, it was shown that water evaporation will increase in 2030 in Iran and the Middle East. Rainfall in Iran and the Middle East will decrease in 2030. This research will help policymakers to adopt more effective policies to improve the environment. consumption through radio and television and in schools and informing people about the protection of fresh water resources, appropriate steps can be taken to waste fresh water. Government investment in freshwater conservation projects is another solution that can be anticipated.

Effectively addressing today’s energy challenges requires advanced technologies along with policies that influence economic markets while advancing the public good.

Environmental degradation stemming from the combustion of conventional energy sources is not only a major factor behind climate change but it also poses an adverse impact on human health. Undoubtedly, fossil fuels are major drivers of economic growth; however, their detrimental environmental impacts are of global concern. In the literature, there is no comprehensive empirical evidence on the linkage between the use of different energy sources and carbon dioxide emissions in the context of Russia, a nation that is ranked third in the list of the top carbon dioxide-emitting global countries. Hence, this paper aims to scrutinize the relationships between oil consumption, natural gas consumption, coal consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions controlling economic growth for Russia over the 1990-2016 period. The findings from the econometric analysis indicate that carbon dioxide emissions in Russia have long-run associations with economic growth and consumption of oil, gas, and coal. The long-run elasticity estimates reveal that economic growth is not directly harming Russia's environmental quality. However, higher oil, gas, and coal consumption degrades environmental quality byboosting the level of carbon dioxide emissions in Russia. In addition, the results from the Granger causality analysis confirm the existence of both long and short-term causal connections among the variables of concern. In line with these findings, several policy recommendations to address the environmental challenges in Russia are put forward.

본 연구의 목적은 국산 구조용 집성재를 대상으로, 제조과정의 탄소배출을 정량화하고 탄소배출 저감방안을 제시하는 것이다. 총 2개소의 구조용 집성재 제조업체를 대상으로 원료, 수송, 제조 공정, 제조에 의한 에너지소비량 등을 현장 실사하였다. 현장에서 수집한 자료 및 구축된 전과정목록과 같은 관련문헌을 토대로 단위부피당 탄소배출을 정량화하였다. 국산 구조용 집성재의 제재 및 건조, 집성 공정별 온실가스 배출결과는 각각 31.0, 109.0, 94.2 kg <TEX>$CO_2eq./m^3$</TEX>으로 나타났다. 수입 구조용 집성재와 비교하였을 때 약 13% 온실가스를 적게 배출하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 기존의 건조 에너지원을 바이오매스로 전환시에는 기존 대비 37%의 온실가스를 감축하여 친환경성을 제고할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 본 결과는 향후 목조주택의 환경성을 규명하기 위한 전과정평가 수행 시, 투입된 목재제품의 전과정목록분석을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다. This study was aimed to quantify the amount of carbon dioxide emissions and to suggest suitable plans which consider the carbon emission reduction in the manufacturing process of the domestic structural glued laminated timber. Field investigation on two glued laminated timber manufacturers was conducted to find out material flow input values such as raw materials, transportation, manufacturing process, and energy consumption during manufacturing process. Based on the collected data and the relevant literatures about life cycle inventory (LCI), the amount of carbon dioxide emission per unit volume was quantified. Results show that the carbon dioxide emissions for sawing, drying and laminating process are 31.0, 109.0, 94.2 kg <TEX>$CO_2eq./m^3$</TEX>, respectively. These results show 13% lesser amount of total carbon dioxide emissions compared with the imported glued laminated timber in Korea. Furthermore, it was decreased about 37% when the fossil fuel would be replaced with biomass fuel in drying process. Findings from this study is effectively used as the basic data on the life cycle assessment of wooden building.

Solving the problem of carbon dioxide emissions

Do natural gas and renewable energy consumption lead to less CO2 emission? Empirical evidence from a panel of BRICS countries

A hybrid game theory and system dynamics model to determine optimal electricity generation mix

Oil and gas are key energy sources in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. The present study examines the asymmetrical environmental effects of these energy sources and also tests the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) from 1975 to 2019. In the long run, the EKC is corroborated in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. But the EKC is not validated in the GCC Panel. Increasing oil consumption raises carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in all investigated GCC countries, and decreasing oil consumption reduces CO2 emissions in Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The effect of oil consumption is found asymmetrical in Qatar and symmetrical in the rest of GCC countries. Increasing natural gas consumption (NGC) carries a positive effect in all investigated GCC countries, and decreasing NGC reduces emissions in Oman, Qatar, and the UAE. Moreover, NGC's effects are asymmetrically in all GCC countries except Qatar. In the panel estimates, both increasing and decreasing oil and NGC have positive effects on CO2 emissions. The long-run effect of oil consumption on CO2 emissions is larger than the effect of NGC in most GCC economies and panel results. In the short run, increasing and decreasing oil consumption and NGC have a positive effect on emissions in all investigated economies except Saudi Arabia. In the long run, coefficients of decreasing oil consumption are found significantly greater than coefficients of increasing NGC in Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and the whole GCC. This finding corroborates that increasing CO2 emissions with increasing NGC is lower than decreasing CO2 emissions with decreasing oil consumption. Hence, we recommend these countries switch from oil consumption to NGC to reduce overall CO2 emissions.

بسبب زيادة الطلب على الطاقة الكهربائية في المملكة العربية السعودية، مما أدى إلى زيادة انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون، فإن نظام الكهرباء في المملكة العربية السعودية هو الأكبر في منطقة الخليج والعالم العربي، بحوالي 61.7 جيجا واط من ذروة الطلب على الطاقة الكهربائية و89.2 جيجا واط من السعة المتاحة في عام 2018. وقد نمت بسرعة على مدى أكثر من 20 عامًا وتضاعف حجمها تقريبًا منذ عام 2000. حيث نلاحظ أن إجمالي انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون في المملكة العربية السعودية من عام 1990 إلى 2020؛ حيث تظهر نمو سريع في انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون وغازات الاحتباس الحراري، حيث تبين أن انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون في عام 1990 بلغت 151 مليون طن متري مقارنة بعام 2011 عندما وصلت إلى حوالي 435 مليون طن متري، واستمرت الزيادة حتى عام 2020 عندما وصلت إلى حوالي 530 مليون طن متري. اعتمدت الدراسة الشاملة على تحليل السلاسل الزمنية لتحليل دقيق لمعدل إنتاجية الطاقة الكهربائية من الوقود الأحفوري والكمية الكبيرة من انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون الناتجة عادةً عن الاحتراق الفوري للوقود الأحفوري لإنتاج الطاقة الكهربائية بشكل طبيعي. لذلك، تسعى المملكة العربية السعودية، من خلال رؤية 2030 واتفاقية باريس بشأن تغير المناخ، إلى خفض معدل انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون في مجال توليد الطاقة الكهربائية من خلال تنويع الوقود المستخدم أو استبداله بالطاقة النظيفة والمتجددة مثل الطاقة الشمسية وطاقة الرياح.

Fishing vessel operation highly depends on fossil fuels such as gasoline, diesel to generate power. Combustion of fossil fuel would generate greenhouse gas emission such as carbon dioxide. However, the estimation of carbon dioxide emission from fishing vessel is rather scarce in Malaysia. This paper describes carbon dioxide emission estimation from fishing vessels operation in Selangor. This study was conducted at four fisheries districts in Selangor where fishing vessels anchored for operation. Fishing operation activities were divided into four fisheries operation zones (A, B, C, and C2). It involved 3,252 fishing vessels. Firstly, carbon dioxide emission for each vessel is determined by using tier 1 method waterborne navigation equation provided from Chapter 3 mobile combustion, volume two Energy, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory. After the carbon dioxide emission estimation was calculated, an inventory of emission was carried out. Then, ANOVA test was used to determine the significant differences between fishing gear and fisheries zones. Total carbon dioxide emission from fishing vessels operation in Selangor is 295.44 Gg CO2 for 2012. ANOVA test indicated there is difference in the mean carbon dioxide emission estimation between different types of fishing gear. There are also significant differences in the mean carbon dioxide emission estimation from four different fisheries zones in Selangor. Turkey Kramer Multiple Comparisons was applied to determine the pair of carbon dioxide emission of fishing vessels between types of fishing gears and fisheries zones. The burning of 89.35 Gg of fossil fuel by fishing operation released 295.4 Gg in 2012. Total amount of carbon dioxide emission from fishing vessel is low compare to latest Malaysia total carbon dioxide emission in 2000, 222,990 Gg CO2. In conclusion, status of carbon dioxide emission by fishing vessel operation has been determined for Selangor.KeywordsCarbon dioxide emissionFuel consumptionFishing vessel operation

Quantifying and comparing fuel-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions: Coal, oil and natural gas consumption

Fossil fuels consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in G7 countries: Empirical evidence from ARDL bounds testing approach

University campuses are centers of living where all kinds of sociocultural activities take place and where students spend most of their time throughout their education life. As a result of these activities, it is inevitable that atmospheric greenhouse gas levels in campuses will increase. One of the most common approaches for determining greenhouse gas emissions is the "carbon footprint". Carbon footprint is an indirect representation of the carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere as a result of the activities of an organization or individual. This article deals with the calculation stages of the carbon footprint resulting from the activities of Iğdır University Şehit Bülent Yurtseven campus and suggestions for reducing it. The calculations include various activities of the campus, and they contain generally accepted emission scopes. DEFRA guidance was used in the carbon footprint calculation of the campus and the base year for the calculation was 2022. The carbon footprint of Iğdır University in 2022 was calculated as 3679.66 tCO2e/year and 1.27x10-3 tCO2e/m2 on annual and area basis, respectively. These emissions are caused by factors such as natural gas consumption, electricity consumption, transport, water consumption and waste amount. The largest emission source is natural gas consumption (37%), followed by emissions from minibus transportation (31%). In conclusion, universities have an important role to play in identifying innovative approaches to measuring, controlling, and reducing carbon footprints by bringing together people with different skills and experience, advanced research facilities and resources. This article is thought to contribute to the literature in determining the process of preparing a university's greenhouse gas inventory, the possibilities of the university to achieve carbon neutrality and emission reduction strategies through the example of Iğdır University.

Economic growth, urbanization, and financial market development (FMD) may increase energy demand in any economy. Non-renewable sources of energy consumption, i.e., oil consumption and natural gas consumption (NGC), could have environmental consequences. We examine the effects of economic growth, urbanization, and FMD on the oil consumption and NGC in Middle East countries using the period 1975–2019. In the panel results, we found a positive effect of income and a negative effect of income-squared on oil and natural gas consumption. Hence, we corroborate the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in oil and natural gas consumption models of the Middle East region. Urbanization has a positive effect on oil and natural gas consumption. FMD has a positive effect on oil consumption and has a negative effect on NGC. From the long-run, country-specific results, we validate the existence of the EKC hypothesis in the oil consumption models of Iran and Iraq. The EKC is also found in the natural gas consumption models of Iran, Kuwait, and the UAE. From the short-run results, the EKC hypothesis is validated in the oil consumption models of Iran, Iraq, and Israel. The EKC is also corroborated in the NGC models of Iran, Kuwait, and the UAE. In the long run, urbanization has a positive effect on oil consumption in Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar. Further, urbanization has a positive effect on the NGC in Iraq, Israel, and Saudi Arabia. Conversely, urbanization has a negative effect on oil consumption in Israel. In the short run, urbanization has a positive effect on oil consumption in Iraq, Israel, Kuwait, and Qatar. Moreover, urbanization has a positive effect on the NGC in Iraq. On the other hand, urbanization has a negative effect on oil consumption in Saudi Arabia and Iran. In the long run, FMD has a positive effect on oil consumption in Saudi Arabia and Israel. In the short run, FMD has a positive effect on oil consumption in Israel, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia. In contrast, FMD has a negative effect on oil consumption in the UAE. Moreover, a positive effect of FMD on NGC is found in the UAE. However, FMD has a negative effect on the NGC in Israel.