Abstract
The importance of medium carbon steels as engineering materials is reflected by the fact that out of the vast majority of engineering grade ferrous alloys available and used in the market today, a large proportion of them are from the family of medium carbon steels. Typically medium carbon steels have a carbon range of 0.25 to 0.65% by weight, and a manganese content ranging from 0.060 to 1.65% by weight. Medium carbon steels are more resistive to cutting, welding and forming as compared to low carbon steels. From the last two decades a number of research scholars reported the use of verity of heat treatments to tailor the properties of medium carbon steels. Spheroidizing is the novel industrial heat treatment employed to improve formability and machinability of medium/high carbon low alloy steels. This exclusive study covers procedure, the effects and possible outcomes of various heat treatments on medium carbon steels. In the present work, other related heat treatments like annealing and special treatments for property alterations which serve as pretreatments for spheroidizing are also reviewed. Medium carbon steels with property alterations by various heat treatment processes are finding increased responsiveness in transportation, aerospace, space, underwater along with other variegated fields. Improved tribological and mechanical properties consisting of impact resistance, stiffness, abrasion and strength are the main reasons for the increased attention of these steels in various industries. In the present scenario for the consolidation of important aspects of various heat treatments and effects on mechanical properties of medium carbons steel, a review of different research papers has been attempted. This review may be used as a guide to provide practical data for heat treatment industry, especially as a tool to enhance workability and tool life.
Highlights
Medium-carbon steels have carbon content ranging from 0.25 to 0.65% by weight
For applications of final retained austenite volume fraction and increased carbon content in austenite in the Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steel microstructure, the strategy to be followed is to go for the modification which would allow to lower the annealing temperature range to Ac1+ max. 30°C
The extensive literature survey presented above portrays the effects of spheroidization, annealing and related heat treatment processes on various grades of medium carbon alloy steels under differing conditions of heat treatment process parameters
Summary
Medium-carbon steels have carbon content ranging from 0.25 to 0.65% by weight. These categories of steels respond intensely to heat treatment processes, with wide variation in the mechanical and thermal properties. Depending on their response to heat treatment, they are. The second group response towards heat treatment is better, while of the first group is poor. Due to higher carbon content, 2nd group steels have more strength. They are used in high load applications, like spindles of machine tools, gears, bolts, cylinder liners, crank shafts, ball mill balls, etc. The excellent toughness with high tensile strength is possible due to the addition of Mn and Si followed by reduction in carbon content [2]
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