Abstract
BaTi 0.6Zr 0.4O 3 powder was prepared from barium oxalate hydrate, zirconium oxy-hydroxide and titanium dioxide precursors. Barium oxalate hydrate and zirconium oxy-hydroxide were precipitated from nitrate solution onto the surface of suspended TiO 2. Phase formation behaviour of the materials was extensively studied using XRD. BaTiO 3 (BT) and BaZrO 3 (BZ) start forming separately in the system upon calcinations in the temperature range 600–700 °C. BT–BZ solid solution then forms by diffusion of BT into BZ from 1050 °C onwards. The precursor completely transforms into BaTi 0.6Zr 0.4O 3 (BTZ) at 1200 °C for 2 h calcination. The activation energy (AE) of BT (134 kJ mol −1) formation was found to be less than that of BZ (167.5 kJ mol −1) formation. BTZ formation requires 503.6 kJ mol −1 of energy. The sintering kinetics of the powder was studied using thermal analyzer. The mean activation energy for sintering was found to be 550 kJ mol −1.
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