Study on macular retinoschisis by optic coherence tomography in eyes with high myopia

Abstract

Objective To observe the the clinical characteristics of images of optic coherence tomography (OCT) in highly myopic eyes with retinoschisis. Methods The clincial data of 158 patients (158 eyes) with high myopia diagnosed by examinations of best corrected visual acuity and refraction, indirect stereoscopic ophthalmoloscopy, A/B-scan ultrasonography, and OCT, were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into retinoschisis group and non-retinoschisis group according to the results of OCT (whether the patients had macular reinoschisis at the posterior pole). There were 53 patients (55 eyes, 34.8%) in the former group, and 101 patients (103 eyes, 65.2%) in the latter group. The age, sex, diopter, visual acuity, ocular axial length, and incidence of posterior scleral staphyloma, vitreous traction, and retinal detachment of the two groups were compared. Results B-scan uhrasonography showed posterior scleral staphloma in all of the 158 eyes. OCT indicated that in the 55 eyes in the retinnoschisis group, 15 (27.3%) had inner, 53 (96.4%)had outer, and 7 (12.7%)had middle retinoschisis. The inner and outer one could exist independently or in the same eye, while the middle one was always accompanied by the outer retinoschisis. Two or more types of schisis coexisted in 13 eyes (23.6%), single outer retinoschisis was found in 40 eyes (72.7 %), and single inner retinoschisis was found in 2 eyes (3.6 %). There were 26 eyes (47.3%)were accompanied with retinal detachment, 13 eyes (23.6%) with macular hole, and 12 eyes (21.8%)with vitreous traction. In the 103 eyes in the non-retinoschisis group, 23 eyes (22.3%)had vitreous traction, 19 eyes (18.4%) had macular hole, and 21 eyes (20.4%)had retinal detachment. The differences of age, diopter and ocular axial length, sex, incidence of macular hole and vitreous traction between the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The visual acuity in retinoschisis group was much lower than that in the non-retinoschisis group (P<0.05), and the difference of incidence of the retinal detachment between the two groups was significant (P<0.01). Conclusion Macular retinoschisis in eyes with high myopia can exist in inner or middle retina, but most of them locate at outer retina. The patients always have poor visual acuity and are often accompanied by other macular lesions such as retinal detachment. Key words: Myopia; degenerative/complications; Retinosehisis/diagnosis; Tomography; optical coherence