Macular retinoschisis in teenagers with high myopia

Abstract

Objective To describe the early stage clinical characteristics of myopic macular retinoschisis in young patients with high myopia by observing the macular profile and to investigate the risk factors for myopic macular retinoschisis. Methods Two thousand one hundred and fifty five patients (ageing from 5 to 73 years) were examined by OCT, 187 high myopic patients with myopic macular retinoschisis were found, of which 7 patients with age under 20 years. This 7 patients (9 eyes) were recruited in the retrospective clinical study. All patients underwent standard examination, including manifest refraction, fundus photography, fundus examine with Goldmann 3 mirror lens, axial length with IOL-Master, B scan ultrasonography, and OCT. Results In this retrospective clinical study, 187 high myopic patients with myopic macular retinoschisis were found, of which 7 patients with age under 20 years, making up 3.74% of all the 187 patients. Seven patients had a history of myopia continues to deepen, 5 patients (7 eyes) had relatively clear previous record of refraction, with a mean growth of 0.58~1.57 D each year. Spherical equivalent was from -12.50D to -19.38D, with mean (-15.59 ± 2.48)D, axial length was from 28.29mm to 33.52mm, with mean (29.89 ± 1.50) mm, BCVA was 0.3~0.9. And all the eyes were accompanied with posterior scleral staphyloma. OCT examination revealed outer retinoschisis in all the 9 eyes, 6 eyes involved fovea center, and 5 eyes were associated with inner retinoschisis. None of eyes was accompanied macular hole or retina detachment or macular epiretinal membrane or vitreoretinal traction. Conclusions Macular retinoschisis is uncommon in teenagers with high myopia, in this study, the prevalence of teenagers with macular retinoschisis is 3.74%. The clinical characteristics of macular retinoschisis in teenagers is simple macular retinoschisis: outer retinoschisis is easily to involved fovea center, and inner retinoschisis is always accompanied by outer retinoschisis. Posterior scleral expansion may played an important role in occurrence of macular retinoschisis. Key words: High myopia; Macular retinoschisis; OCT; Posterior scleral staphyloma