Study of the soybean varieties quantitative traits variability in the Central Non-Chernozem Earth Region conditions

Abstract

In the experiments, the formation of the yield of new early-ripening soybean varieties Georgiy, Slavyanka and Snezhana under the conditions of the Central Non-Chernozem Region was studied and an assessment was made of the influence of hydrothermal conditions on the variability and conjugation of soybean agronomic traits. Field experiments were carried out in 2020-2022. at the Institute of Seed Production and Agrotechnologies, a branch of the FGBNU FNAC VIM (Ryazan region), located in the forest-steppe agro-climatic zone of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. The soil is dark gray forest, heavy loamy in granulometric composition, of medium fertility (humus content - 4.54%), with an average content of exchangeable potassium and mobile phosphorus. Through correlation analysis, a significant positive relationship was established between the duration of the growing season and the HTC (r = 0.916 + 0.09), with the average daily temperature in August (r = 0.896 + 0.04). The height of plants and the height of attachment of the lower bean in the varietal section changed to an average degree (V = 7.96-21.38%). The greatest variability over the years was noted for the number of beans (V=31.92%) and the weight of seeds per plant (V=38.03%). The weight of 1000 seeds changed the least during the years of the study (V = 8.54-13.38%). The yield of the studied varieties is directly related to the number of beans and seeds per plant, and has no significant relationship with the height of the plant. The results of the research were used in the development of varietal technologies for the cultivation of soybeans in the conditions of the Ryazan region.