Abstract
Isolated microgrids are microgrids which operate autonomously. This paper presents an isolated microgrid which combines a Hydraulic Turbine Generator (HTG) with a Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) to supply consumers forming a Wind Hydro Isolated Microgrid (WHIM). The WHIM includes a Dump Load (DL) to dissipate the active power excess. The WHIM has been modeled and its operation has been simulated in two modes: Wind-Hydro (WH), where both HTG and WTG supply power, and Wind-Only (WO) mode, where the WTG is the active power supplier and the HTG keeps connected to the grid with null power to generate the grid voltage. In WO, a fast frequency regulation is achieved by means of a controller which commands the DL to consume the WTG power excess. Additionally, the simulation of the mode transition from WO to WH, which is triggered by a system active power deficit in WO mode, is shown. A kick starting system designed to speed up the HTG power production improves the transient from WO to WH mode change. Finally, the simulations in WH mode show the interaction between the HTG and WTG. The two controls proposed have been proved effective and the simulations show a good WHIM dynamic performance.
Highlights
Isolated microgrids are microgrids which operate autonomously and are located in remote places [1,2,3].Remote isolated microgrids have been mostly based on Diesel Generators (DG), which can be combined with sources of renewable energy, such as photovoltaic or wind [4] and short-term energy storage systems (ESS), mainly based on flywheels [5] or batteries [6,7]
When the Wind Hydro Isolated Microgrid (WHIM) is in WO mode and the Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) active power falls below the consumer load, the system frequency will fall and the WHIM must transition from WO to WH mode, ordering the Hydraulic Turbine Generator (HTG) to supply power
At the test starting point, the WHIM is in WO mode, so the HTG active power and flow rate are null, the consumer load and the Dump Load (DL) are consuming 150 kW and 50 kW, respectively, and the WTG
Summary
Isolated microgrids are microgrids which operate autonomously and are located in remote places [1,2,3]. This article contributes with a proposal of a fast DL frequency regulator, which is active in WO mode, a control logic to start the WO to WH transition, and a control system aimed to speed up and smooth the transition from WO mode to WH mode Following this introductory section, this article is organized as follows: Section 2 presents the model of the HTG, along with a discussion on the most appropriate HT type for the WH and WO modes of operation and the models for the WTG and DL; Section 3 presents Simulink schematics for the simulated. WHIM, along with the controls needed to operate in WO mode and to smooth the WO mode to WH mode transition; Section 4 presents the different simulation cases considered and mentioned above and, Section 5 concludes with the main contributions of the paper
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