Abstract

Deoxynivalenol (DON) exposure of pigs might cause serious problems when critical dietary toxin concentrations are exceeded. As DON contamination of agricultural crops cannot be completely prevented, detoxification measures are needed. Wet preservation with sodium sulfite resulted in a significant DON reduction of naturally-contaminated maize in previous experiments. The preserved material had a characteristic DON sulfonates (DONS) pattern. DONS is known to be less toxic than DON but its stability was shown to depend on pH, which gives rise to the question if a back-conversion to DON occurs in vivo. Therefore, the toxicokinetics and bioavailability of DON and DONS were studied in pigs. After the administration of a single oral or intravenous bolus of DON or DONS, serial blood samples were collected and subsequently analyzed. DONS was not detectable after oral administration of DONS mixtures. The results showed further that the bioavailability of DONS as DON in pigs fed maize preserved wet with sodium sulfite was significantly decreased compared to untreated control maize (DON), indicating that DONS obviously did not convert back to DON to a large extent in vivo. Moreover, the fact that DONS was not detectable in systemic blood requires further investigations regarding their ingestive and/or metabolic fate.

Highlights

  • The occurrence of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in cereals owing to mold infestation by Fusarium ssp. cannot be completely avoided in the temperate climate zone

  • The wet preservation method with Na2SO3 for contaminated maize significantly reduced the bioavailability of DON in pigs

  • The reduction of DON in feed was confirmed by low DON plasma levels after oral intake suggesting stability of DON sulfonates (DONS) formed during preservation

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Summary

Introduction

The occurrence of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in cereals owing to mold infestation by Fusarium ssp. cannot be completely avoided in the temperate climate zone. The occurrence of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in cereals owing to mold infestation by Fusarium ssp. The use of contaminated feed is regulated by the European Commission [1] in order to protect farm animals from health-compromising mycotoxin effects. Effects of DON intoxication are: reduced feed intake up to feed refusal, salivation, sickness, and vomiting. Due to these adverse effects, performance in exposed animals decreases [2] when the guidance value of 0.9 mg DON/kg feed for pigs is exceeded. A possibility to use contaminated cereals without adverse effects on health and performance is decontamination [3].

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