Abstract
This chapter presents the studies of conditioning and other forms of adaptation in the mammalian central nervous system. These studies concerned cellular mechanisms supporting conditioning in the cat. Two different types of adaptations were related to the development of the form of conditioning that was studied. The first was postsynaptic and involved neurons of the motor cortex and facial nucleus. The second involved the neurons of the association cortex and the supported reception and discrimination of the CS as opposed to the performance of the specific conditioned movement. Postsynaptic (Type I) adaptations were found in the motor cortex by studying the patterns of unit activity, one neuron at a time, over samplings obtained from cats before and after behavioral conditioning. A second type of adaptation (Type II) has been found elsewhere in the cortex after Pavlovian eyeblink conditioning. The parametric requisites for the development of each of the adaptations may be met in the course of the stimulus presentations needed for conditioning to occur.
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