Strong-to-weak coupling between anapoles and plasmons in dielectric–metal hybrid structures

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Exploring strong light–matter interactions holds significant potential for fundamental research. Here, we propose a distinctive and easily fabricated dielectric–metal hybrid structure that enables strong anapole–plasmon coupling. This coupling gives rise to two new hybrid energy states, resulting in a Rabi splitting as large as ∼217meV. Notably, the hybrid structure also offers a high degree of tunability, allowing for the modulation of anapole–plasmon coupling from the strong- to weak-coupling regime. This hybrid system provides a promising platform for achieving flexible control over light–matter interactions and opens avenues for the design of more complex hybrid structures, such as three-mode systems incorporating anapole–plasmon–exciton interactions.