Abstract
Summary During the past several years, a combination of data from field and laboratory experiments, published data from commercial treatments, and concurrent analysis and model development activities has led to a better understanding of the processes occurring in coal during stimulation operations. At the same time, better modeling capabilities have been developed. For example, a new hydraulic fracture design model that includes pressure-dependent nonlinear leakoff, multiple interacting fractures, and failure in the coal near the fracture plane as a result of changes in effective stress is being developed and is being used to study fracture propagation in coal. In addition, two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) discrete element and hybrid finite element models that couple the mechanical and multiphase fluid response of the coal have been applied to analyzing problems arising from cavity completion operations. In this paper, we compare data obtained from field trials in coal seams with model simulations, and we discuss the implications for stimulation design and execution.
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