Abstract
BackgroundIn the field of biomedical engineering, many studies have focused on the possible applications of graphene and related nanomaterials due to their potential for use as scaffolds, coating materials and delivery carriers. On the other hand, electrospun nanofiber matrices composed of diverse biocompatible polymers have attracted tremendous attention for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, their combination is intriguing and still challenging.ResultsIn the present study, we fabricated nanofiber matrices composed of M13 bacteriophage with RGD peptide displayed on its surface (RGD-M13 phage) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid, PLGA) and characterized their physicochemical properties. In addition, the effect of graphene oxide (GO) on the cellular behaviors of C2C12 myoblasts, which were cultured on PLGA decorated with RGD-M13 phage (RGD/PLGA) nanofiber matrices, was investigated. Our results revealed that the RGD/PLGA nanofiber matrices have suitable physicochemical properties as a tissue engineering scaffold and the growth of C2C12 myoblasts were significantly enhanced on the matrices. Moreover, the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts was substantially stimulated when they were cultured on the RGD/PLGA matrices in the presence of GO.ConclusionIn conclusion, these findings propose that the combination of RGD/PLGA nanofiber matrices and GO can be used as a promising strategy for skeletal tissue engineering and regeneration.
Highlights
In the field of biomedical engineering, many studies have focused on the possible applications of graphene and related nanomaterials due to their potential for use as scaffolds, coating materials and delivery carriers
The proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts was highest when they were cultured on the RGD/PLGA decorated with RGD-M13 phage (PLGA) matrices supplemented with graphene oxide (GO) for 5 days of culture
It is suggested that the RGD/PLGA matrices are suitable scaffolds for the growth of C2C12 myoblasts
Summary
In the field of biomedical engineering, many studies have focused on the possible applications of graphene and related nanomaterials due to their potential for use as scaffolds, coating materials and delivery carriers. Electrospun nanofiber matrices composed of diverse biocompatible polymers have attracted tremendous attention for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Their combination is intriguing and still challenging. RGD peptide-conjugated substrates based on various biocompatible polymers, such as chitosan, polycaprolactone, poly (L-lactide), polystyrene, and PLGA, have been developed as tissue engineering scaffolds [13,14,15,16]. A single layer of the sp carbon network with a honeycomb-lattice structure, and its derivatives are considered attractive candidates for biomedical applications including biosensors, scaffolds for tissue engineering, and substrates for the differentiation of stem cells [17,18,19,20]. GO can be used to stimulate and promote myogenic differentiation for skeletal tissue regeneration
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