Abstract

The experimental conditions for observation of different Si(110) superstructures is well studied. It is established that three of them could reversibly transform into each other upon quenching from definite temperatures. This is termed as “structural phase transitions.” This chapter presents some results of investigations of vibrational and electronic characteristics in connection with reversible structural phase transitions on Si(110) face, also describing the experimental methods used. The data obtained deal with structure (111,1), Debye temperature and thermal expansion (111,2), and electronic parameters of the surface (111,3). In the last case, the surface electron states in the gap are considered. These states are most sensitive to the quantum composition of surface orbitals and in this way to surface elasticity, vibrations, and structure. Discussion includes some suggestions on the electronic and atomic models of Si (110) face and on the nature of the structural phase transitions. All experiments mentioned are performed on each of the samples without violating the vacuum. It made possible to check the interatomic forces and electron parameter changes on silicon (110) surface practically simultaneously under its structural transitions. Interatomic forces (Debye temperature and thermal expansion coefficient) and electronic properties (surface electron state spectra, work function, band bending) are studied for (4×5), (2×1), and (5×1) structures formed on Si(110) face by nickel adsorption and heating.

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