Start codon targeted (scot) polymorphism reveals genetic diversity in european old maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes

Martin Vivodí­k,Želmí­ra Balážová,Zdenka Gálová,Lenka Petrovičová

doi:10.5219/660

Martin Vivodík, Želmíra Balážová + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.5219/660

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Abstract

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the world's most important crop plants following wheat and rice, which provides staple food to large number of human population in the world. It is cultivated in a wider range of environments than wheat and rice because of its greater adaptability. Molecular characterization is frequently used by maize breeders as an alternative method for selecting more promising genotypes and reducing the cost and time needed to develop hybrid combinations. In the present investigation 40 genotypes of maize from Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Slovakia and Yugoslavia were analysed using 20 Start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. These primers produced total 114 fragments across 40 maize genotypes, of which 86 (76.43%) were polymorphic with an average of 4.30 polymorphic fragments per primer and number of amplified fragments ranged from 2 (SCoT 45) to 8 (SCoT 28 and SCoT 63). The polymorphic information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.374 (ScoT 45) to 0.846 (SCoT 28) with an average of 0.739. The dendrogram based on hierarchical cluster analysis using UPGMA algorithm was prepared. The hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the maize genotypes were divided into two main clusters. Unique maize genotype (cluster 1), Zuta Brzica, originating from Yugoslavia separated from others. Cluster 2 was divided into two main clusters (2a and 2b). Subcluster 2a contained one Yugoslavian genotype Juhoslavanska and subcluster 2b was divided in two subclusters 2ba and 2bb. The present study shows effectiveness of employing SCoT markers in analysis of maize, and would be useful for further studies in population genetics, conservation genetics and genotypes improvement.

Highlights

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the world’s most important crop plants following wheat and rice, which provides staple food to large number of human population in the world (Ahmad et al, 2011; Iqbal, et al, 2015)
All 20 start codon targeted (SCoT) primers used for analysis of 40 European old maize genotypes produced amplification products and all resulted in polymorphic fingerprint patterns
The present work is the first report on genetic variability of maize using SCoT markers

Summary

Introduction

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the world’s most important crop plants following wheat and rice, which provides staple food to large number of human population in the world (Ahmad et al, 2011; Iqbal, et al, 2015). A number of molecular markers have been employed for genetic diversity evaluation, genetic mapping, and quantitative trait locus analysis. These types of molecular techniques included random amplified polymorphic dna (RAPD) (Štefúnová et al, 2015), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) (Molin et al, 2013), inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) (Idris et al, 2012; Žiarovská et al, 2013) and simple sequence repeats (SSR) (Shehata et al, 2009). A simple novel DNA marker technique namely start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism, was developed by Collard and Mackill (2009). Suitability of SCoT markers for the construction of genetic maps, fingerprinting and phylogenetic studies has been proved by many authors in many crops, such as tomato (Shahlaei et al, 2014), citrus (Mahjbi et al, 2015), date palm (Al-qurainy et al, 2015), castor (Kallamadi et al, 2015) and mango (Gajera et al, 2014)

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