Abstract
Molecular characterization is frequently used by maize breeders as an alternative method for selecting more promising genotypes and reducing the cost and time needed to develop hybrid combinations. In the present investigation 20 genotypes of maize from Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Slovakia and Yugoslavia were analysed using 5 Start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. These primers produced total 29 fragments across 20 maize genotypes, of which 22 (77.90 %) were polymorphic with an average of 4.40 polymorphic fragments per primer and number of amplified fragments ranged from 4 (SCoT 8) to 7 (SCoT 12 and SCoT 23). The polymorphic information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.652 (ScoT 8) to 0.816 (SCoT 23) with an average of 0.738. The dendrogram of 20 maize genotypes based on SCoT markers using UGMA algorithm was constructed. The hierarchical cluster analysis divided maize genotypes into two main clusters. Unique 2 maize genotype Slovenska žltá and Slovenska krajová velkozrná, originated from Slovak Republic, separated from others. Cluster 2 containing 18 genotypes was divided into two main subclusters. Subcluster 2a contained two Poland genotypes Przebedowska Burskynowa and Zloty Zar, two genotypes of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics- Partizanka and Krasnodarskaja and one Czechoslovakian genotypes Milada. In subcluster 2b were grouped 13 maize genotypes. The present study shows effectiveness of employing SCoT markers in analysis of maize, and would be useful for further studies in population genetics, conservation genetics and genotypes improvement.
Highlights
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the world’s most important crop plants following wheat and rice, which provides staple food to large number of human population in the world (Ahmad et al, 2011; Iqbal, et al, 2015)
All 5 start codon targeted (SCoT) primers used for analysis of 20 European old maize genotypes produced amplification products and all resulted in polymorphic fingerprint patterns
The dendrogram of 20 maize genotypes based on SCoT markers using UGMA algorithm was constructed (Figure 2)
Summary
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the world’s most important crop plants following wheat and rice, which provides staple food to large number of human population in the world (Ahmad et al, 2011; Iqbal, et al, 2015). A number of molecular markers have been employed for genetic diversity evaluation, genetic mapping, and quantitative trait locus analysis. These types of molecular techniques included random amplified polymorphic dna (RAPD) (Petrovičová et al, 2015; Štefúnová et al, 2015; Vivodík et al, 2015; Žiarovská et al, 2016), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) (Molin et al, 2013), intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) (Idris et al, 2012; Žiarovská et al, 2013) and simple sequence repeats (SSR) (Shehata et al, 2009; Lancíková et al, 2015; Balážová et al, 2016; Vivodík et al, 2016). The goals of this study were to examine the effectiveness of SCoT markers for analysis of genetic diversity of maize and to study genetic relationships among 20 maize accessions originating from various geographic regions of Europe
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