Abstract
The global emphasis on stakeholder engagement in protected area management has increased over the last three decades. Here we present key values of statutory and non-statutory stakeholder groups as they relate to their relationship with the former Te Urewera National Park (NP), New Zealand, which is now recognised as “a legal entity” with “all the rights, powers, duties, and liabilities of a legal person.” Non-statutory stakeholders conveyed a close, personal connection to Te Urewera NP in terms of heritage and legacy, which include both consumptive (e.g., hunting; fishing) and non-consumptive use (e.g., sight-seeing, hiking, boating). In contrast, statutory stakeholders expressed a more distant and procedural relationship with the park. Both stakeholder groups perceived the possible transfer of ownership or governance of Te Urewera NP to Tūhoe (the Indigenous Māori peoples of the Te Urewera region) favourably and expressed a desire to be engaged in the future stewardship of the NP. Stakeholders considered the fostering of relations with Tūhoe and other stakeholder groups as important to nurturing and maintaining their links with the area in future. Importantly, common interests that emerge from these relationships can increase mutual understanding between cultures and willingness to collaborate. Moreover, we posit that the legal personhood status for protected areas will be a powerful tool for reconciling pluralistic values and enable deliberative processes and flexible modes of collaboration between Indigenous peoples and non-indigenous stakeholders.
Highlights
Protected areas are widely used for conserving biodiversity and biophysical features (Johnson et al 2017)
The first objective of our study is to identify values that conveyed the nature of the relationship that statutory and non-statutory stakeholders have with Te Urewera National Park (NP)
All stakeholder groups expressed stewardship as a key value at least once during their interviews (Fig. 2). It was suggested by some non-statutory stakeholders that everyone who uses Te Urewera NP takes a degree of ‘ownership’ in it
Summary
Protected areas are widely used for conserving biodiversity and biophysical features (Johnson et al 2017). Almost 40% of all protected areas (km2) are being managed for sustainable use of resources (Juffe-Bignoli et al 2014). Local communities often see protected areas as ‘fortresses’ managed with statutory restrictions that subvert peoples’ rights, activities, and responsibilities for the area (Oldfield 1988; Fiallo and Jacobson 1995; Neumann 1997; Hum Ecol (2020) 48:439–453
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