Abstract
The famous Finnish geochemist Rankama wrote in 1954 that isotope geology is a branch of science in which geologic phenomena are studied by investigating stable and unstable isotopes of individual elements, in particular by determining the variations in their abundance. Isotope geology deals with both stable and radioactive isotopes. In this chapter the distribution, hydrogeochemistry and geophysics of naturally occurring stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in the atmosphere, oceans, surface and groundwater in brief form are discussed. Using the isotope variation, occurring under natural effects, the origin, dynamics and resident time of water in hydrosphere reservoirs are analysed.
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