Abstract
Horsetails are a complex taxonomic and systematic group. Therefore, the study of the geographical distribution of these species is necessary for a better understanding of the phylogeny of this family. We concluded an analysis of the distribution of 5 species of horsetail of the subgenus Equisetum (Equisetum, Equisetaceae): E. arvense L., E. fluviatile L., E. palustre L., E. pratense Ehrh., E. sylvaticum L. using the maximum entropy method implemented in the MaxEnt program. Modeling was carried out using climate variables from the WorldClim global climate base. Simulation results show good simulation quality. In 3 out of 5 species, the AUC of the test sample was in the range of 0.9–1, and in 2 species — 0.8–0.9. In general, for most species, a plausible picture of their intended distribution has developed. The obtained models suggest that the territory of Russia is favorable enough for the growth of horsetails. Analysis of the contribution of 14 bioclimatic variables to the distribution of the studied species revealed that the most important variables are: annual mean temperature, isotermality, temperature seasonality, max temperature of warmest month, temperature annual range, mean temperature of warmest quarter, mean temperature of driest quarter, mean temperature of coldest quarter, annual precipitation, precipitation of wettest month, precipitation seasonality, precipitation of driest quarter, precipitation of warmest quarter, and precipitation of coldest quarter.
Highlights
The genus Equisetum L. (Equisetaceae) is represented by a small number of living species
This paper focuses on subgenus Equisetum and five species that is commonly found in the area: E. arvense L., E. fluviatile L., E. palustre L., E. pratense Ehrh., E. sylvaticum L
Among the many algorithms for modeling the spatial distribution of species (Broennimann et al, 2007; Guisan & Thuiller, 2007; Predictive habitat distribution models in ecology, 2000; Guo & Liu, 2010; Stigall, 2012; Stockwell, 1999), the most popular method is the maximum entropy implemented in the MaxEnt program (Maximum Entropy Species Distribution Modeling) (Elith et al, 2011; Phillips et al, 2006; Phillips & Dudík, 2008)
Summary
The genus Equisetum L. (Equisetaceae) is represented by a small number of living species. Hippochaete Milde (Farwell, 1916; Rothmaler, 1944). According to the currently accepted pteridophyte systems, it is divided into 2 subgenus Equisetum and Hippochaete (Milde) Baker (Hauke, 1963; 1978), which are sometimes understood as independent genera Equisetum s.str. They are very complex group in terms of taxonomy. Horsetails are widely distributed in temperate latitudes. Studying geographical distribution of horsetails are important to fully understand biodiversity of the region. In the present study we conducted species distribution modelling analysis on Equisetum species. This paper focuses on subgenus Equisetum and five species that is commonly found in the area: E. arvense L., E. fluviatile L., E. palustre L., E. pratense Ehrh., E. sylvaticum L
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