Abstract
Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is an important part of the water cycle and energy cycle during crop growth. Understanding the influencing factors and spatiotemporal variations of ET0 can guide regional water-saving irrigation and regulate agricultural production. Data for daily meteorological observations of temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and sunshine hours from 38 surface meteorological stations were used to analyze the spatiotemporal variations and trends in Shandong Province from 1980 to 2019. (1) The ET0 from 1980 to 2019 was 1070.5 mm, and there was a significant downward trend in the climate tendency rate of −7.92/10 a. The climate of Shandong Province became warmer and drier. The average annual temperature showed a significant upward trend, while the average annual relative humidity and average annual sunshine hours showed significant downward trends. (2) The annual ET0 ratio in spring, summer, autumn, and winter was 29%, 40%, 21%, and 10%, respectively. (3) A change in Shandong Province’s interannual ET0 occurred in 2002, with a decrease of 130.74 mm since then. (4) The ET0 was positively correlated with temperature, wind speed, and sunshine hours and negatively correlated with relative humidity. This study provides a scientific basis for the regulation and control of agricultural production in Shandong Province.
Highlights
Crop evapotranspiration refers to the process of leaf water transpiration and soil water evaporation during the whole growth period of crops from sowing to maturity [1]
This study provides a scientific basis for the regulation and control of agricultural production in Keywords: reference crop evapotranspiration; temporal and spatial distribution; meteorological factors; Shandong Province; Pearson correlation
The amount of ET0 is likely affected to meteorological factors and crop conditions, which are the main influences on ET0 change and their influence will increase with global climate change [6]
Summary
Crop evapotranspiration refers to the process of leaf water transpiration and soil water evaporation during the whole growth period of crops from sowing to maturity [1]. Reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0 ), as an important index to characterize potential evapotranspiration and to evaluate the degree of drought, water consumption by vegetation, production potential, and water supply and demand balance [2,3], plays an important role in the water and energy cycles during crop growth [4]. The amount of ET0 is likely affected to meteorological factors and crop conditions, which are the main influences on ET0 change and their influence will increase with global climate change [6]. The spatiotemporal distribution of ET0 trends and its influencing factors have been a focus of research. Goyal et al [9] analyzed the response of ET0 to meteorological factors of Rajasthan in India
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