Abstract
BackgroundHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is the most common communicable disease in China. Shandong Province is one of the most seriously affected areas. The distribution of HFMD had spatial heterogeneity and seasonal characteristic in this setting. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between climate and HFMD by a Bayesian approach from spatio-temporal interactions perspective.MethodsThe HFMD data of Shandong Province during 2008–2012 were derived from the China National Disease Surveillance Reporting and Management System. And six climatic indicators were obtained from the Meteorological Bureau of Shandong Province. The global spatial autocorrelation statistic (Moran’s I) was used to detect the spatial autocorrelation of HFMD cases in each year. The optimal one among four Bayesian models was further adopted to estimate the relative risk of the occurrence of HFMD via Markov chain Monte Carlo.ResultsThe annual average incidence rate of HFMD was 104.40 per 100,000 in Shandong Province. Positive spatial autocorrelation appeared at county level (Moran’s I ≥0.30, P < 0.001). The best fitting Spatio-temporal interactive model showed that annual average temperature, annual average pressure, annual average relative humidity, annual average wind speed and annual sunshine hours were significantly positive related to the occurrence of HFMD. The estimated relative risk of 36, 87, 91, 79, 65 out of 140 counties for 2008–2012 respectively were significantly more than 1.ConclusionsThere were obvious spatio-temporal heterogeneity of HFMD in Shandong Province, and the climatic indicators were associated with the epidemic of HFMD. Bayesian approach should be recommended to capture the spatial-temporal pattern of HFMD.
Highlights
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is the most common communicable disease in China.Shandong Province is one of the most seriously affected areas
The best fitting Spatio-temporal interactive model showed that annual average temperature, annual average pressure, annual average relative humidity, annual average wind speed and annual sunshine hours were significantly positive related to the occurrence of HFMD
There were obvious spatio-temporal heterogeneity of HFMD in Shandong Province, and the climatic indicators were associated with the epidemic of HFMD
Summary
Foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is the most common communicable disease in China.Shandong Province is one of the most seriously affected areas. Foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is the most common communicable disease in China. Foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common communicable disease usually affecting children, those aged 5 years and younger [1]. It is most frequently caused by Coxsackievirus A16 and Enterovirus 71 [1,2], and is often characterized by a distinct clinical presentation of fever, or vesicular exanthema on their hands, feet, mouths, or buttocks [3,4]. Many large-scale outbreaks of HFMD were reported in East and Southeast Asia and have caused major public health concerns worldwide, especially in the affected countries [5,6,7,8].
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