Abstract
Because of the advantages of low cost, large coverage and short revisit cycle, Landsat 8 images have been widely applied to monitor earth surface movements. However, there are few systematic studies considering the error source characteristics or the improvement of the deformation field accuracy obtained by Landsat 8 image. In this study, we utilize the 2013 Mw 7.7 Balochistan, Pakistan earthquake to analyze error spatio-temporal characteristics and elaborate how to mitigate error sources in the deformation field extracted from multi-temporal Landsat 8 images. We found that the stripe artifacts and the topographic shadowing artifacts are two major error components in the deformation field, which currently lack overall understanding and an effective mitigation strategy. For the stripe artifacts, we propose a small spatial baseline (<200 m) method to avoid the stripe artifacts effect on the deformation field. We also propose a small radiometric baseline method to reduce the topographic shadowing artifacts and radiometric decorrelation noises. Those performances and accuracy evaluation show that these two methods are effective in improving the precision of deformation field. This study provides the possibility to detect subtle ground movement with higher precision caused by earthquake, melting glaciers, landslides, etc., with Landsat 8 images. It is also a good reference for error source analysis and corrections in deformation field extracted from other optical satellite images.
Highlights
With the continuous improvements of optical satellites in both hardware and software, moderate and high-resolution optical images are increasingly applied in ground surface displacement measurement [1]
The results indicate that the image pair with the spatial baseline 200 m can lead to a γ less than 0.095 m, statistical results indicate that the image pair with the spatial baseline 200 m can lead to a γ less than which can be neglected in surface deformation
Pakistan earthquake radiometric decorrelation noises in those correlation results are very close each other, soisitvery can be study, we find the radiometric baseline of image pair 13–29 September 2014 (0.142 h, N 3.1°)
Summary
With the continuous improvements of optical satellites in both hardware and software, moderate and high-resolution optical images are increasingly applied in ground surface displacement measurement [1]. Bindschadler et al [2] took the lead in extracting the velocity field of an Antarctic ice stream by matching multi-temporal Landsat 5 TM images. The image matching theory was subsequently expanded as feature tracking in SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) imagery [4,5,6] and firstly applied to obtain coseismic deformation of the 1992 Mw 7.3 Landers earthquake [4]. Puymbroeck et al [7] captured surface ruptures and horizontal coseismic deformation field of the 1992 Mw 7.3 Landers earthquake using the SPOT images with cross-correlation technique.
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