Abstract
For the accurate and high-precision measurement of the deformation field in mining areas using different data sources, the probability integral model was used to process deformation data obtained from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), Differential InSAR (DInSAR), and Small Baseline Subset InSAR (SBAS-InSAR) to obtain the complete deformation field. The SBAS-InSAR, DInSAR, and UAV can be used to obtain small-scale, mesoscale, and large-scale deformations, respectively. The three types of data were all superimposed by the Kriging interpolation, and the deformation field was integrated using the probability integral model to obtain the complete high-precision deformation field with complete time series in the study area. The study area was in the WangJiata mine in Western China, where mining was carried out from 12 July 2018 to 25 October 2018, on the 2S201 working face. The first observation was made in June 2018, and steady-state observations were made in April 2019, totaling four UAV observations. During this period, the Canadian Earth Observation Satellite of Radarsat-2 (R2) was used to take 10 SAR images, the surface subsidence mapping was undertaken using DInSAR and SBAS-InSAR techniques, and the complete deformation field of the working face during the 106-day mining period was obtained by using the UAV technique. The results showed that the subsidence basin gradually expanded along the mining direction as the working face advanced. When the mining advance was greater than 1.2–1.4 times the coal seam burial depth, the supercritical conditions were reached, and the maximum subsidence stabilized at the value of 2.780 m. The subsidence rate was basically maintained at 0.25 m/d. Finally, the accuracy of the method was tested by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data, and the medium error of the strike was 0.103 m. A new method is reached by the fusion of active and passive remote sensing data to construct efficient, complete and high precision time-series subsidence basins with high precision.
Highlights
With the rapid development of the national economy, energy demand continues to be strong, and coal consumption has been ranked first for primary energy
Based on the above problems, this study proposed a probability integral model combined with the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), Differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) (DInSAR) and SBASInSAR technologies to obtain high accuracy and complete coverage of the deformation field
The study area is in the WangJiata mining area, which belongs to Xineng Mining
Summary
With the rapid development of the national economy, energy demand continues to be strong, and coal consumption has been ranked first for primary energy. Prior theoretical and practical research revealed that it was difficult to obtain high accuracy subsidence basin monitoring data by traditional InSAR technology alone due to subsidence scale, vegetation cover, SAR image resolution, time interval, and other factors [20,21,22]. Wang et al [28] used DInSAR, sub-band InSAR, and offset-tracking to jointly solve the regional subsidence in the mining area, and the feasibility of this fusion method in large subsidence monitoring was verified through comparison with GNSS data. Based on the above problems, this study proposed a probability integral model combined with the UAV, DInSAR and SBASInSAR technologies to obtain high accuracy and complete coverage of the deformation field Both SBASInSAR and DInSAR can help to cover small-scale subsidence, while the UAV covers large-scale subsidence. We verified the feasibility of this method by comparing the data obtained by GNSS and the fusion method
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