Abstract
The paper is in two parts. Variation of the higher (>2) ionization potentials of the 3 d transition elements (Sc to Zn) is examined in the first part. Ionization potential increases regularly with atomic number except for sharp discontinuities which can be correlated with half-shell completion. It has not been possible to explain satisfactorily either the large magnitude (3–4 volts) of these discontinuities or the fact that variation of ionization potential after a discontinuity appears to be the same as before a discontinuity. The second part is devoted to a study of possible correlations between ionization potential differences and variable valence (number and stability of valence states) in the transition elements. Correlations are as a rule quite distinct and use may be made of ionization potential differences to provide a plausible account for a variety of differences in valence behaviour; for example, differences between Ti and Zr, Hf and Th; between Fe + Co and Ru; and between Mn and Re.
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