Solvent assisted size effect on AuNPs and significant inhibition on K562 cells.

Chander Amgoth,Sujata Yumnam,Rompivalasa Santhosh,Murali Banavoth,Tang Guping,Avinash Singh,Priyanka Mangla,Rajendra Karthik

doi:10.1039/c9ra05484g

Abstract

Herein, the synthesis and characterization of ideal size (∼10 and 40 nm, in diameter) AuNPs (gold nanoparticles) were reported. Two different organic solvents such as DMF (dimethyl formamide) and NMPL (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) were used to synthesize AuNPs along with agents reducing agents such as NaBH4 (sodium borohydrate) and Na3C6H5O7 (sodium citrate). The combination of [(HAuCl4)–(DMF)–(NaBH4)] gives AuNPs with an avg. size of 10.2 nm. Similarly, the combination of [(HAuCl4)–(NMPL)–(Na3C6H5O7)] gives AuNPs with an avg. size of 40.4 nm. The morphology of these nanoscale AuNPs has been characterized through TEM and HRTEM imaging followed by SAED for lattice parameters such as d-spacing value (2.6 Å/0.26 nm) of crystalline metal (Au) nanoparticles. Further, these unique and ideal nanoscale AuNPs were used to evaluate the potential working efficacy by using in vitro cell based studies on K562 (leukaemia) blood cancer cells. From the MTT assay results around 88% cell inhibition was measured for ∼10 nm sized AuNPs. The treated cells were stained with different fluorescent dyes such as FITC, DAPI, Rho-6G and their ruptured morphology has been reported in the respective sections. These types of ideal sized metal (Au) nanoparticles are recommended for various theranostics such as to cure breast, colon, lung and liver cancers.

Highlights

There is the possibility to stabilize smaller sized nanoparticles through the increased polarity of solvents.[1]
The combination of [(HAuCl4)–(NMPL)– (Na3C6H5O7)] gives AuNPs with an avg. size of 40.4 nm. The morphology of these nanoscale AuNPs has been characterized through TEM and HRTEM imaging followed by SAED for lattice parameters such as d-spacing value (2.6 A/0.26 nm) of crystalline metal (Au) nanoparticles
All the chemicals required for the synthesis of nanoscale AuNPs has been purchased with high purity and used without further puri cation

Summary

Introduction

There is the possibility to stabilize smaller sized nanoparticles through the increased polarity of solvents.[1]. The decrease in the solubility of an ionic material with non-polar solvent will show an adverse affect on the size of AuNPs followed by the heterogeneous nucleation This can be avoided by choosing the appropriate polar solvent for homogeneous, consistent nucleation for metal (Au) nanoparticles.[2,3] With this chemical precipitation method, there is a high chance to get homogeneous nuclei followed by consistent sized particles and this happens because of the solvent and its concentration.

Methods

Results

Conclusion