Abstract
Abstract The development of an energy-sufficient desert settlement may be one of the most challenging tasks facing engineers today. Such a settlement requires considerable amounts of energy not only for conventional food production needs, such as water pumping and irrigation, but also for the production of fresh water and for modifying the harsh summer environment for human habitation as well as food production. A typical site for a desert settlement is often characterized by its long hot summers, its remoteness (away from any electric grid), and the presence of little or no fresh water suitable for humans or food production. In such areas, the only means of obtaining fresh water is through the desalination of sea or brackish waters using oil and natural gas. Such a dependence on an exhaustible resource is not only expensive, but also unwise, in the long run. The only permanent, inexhaustible source of energy available for desert areas is the sun. It is also the excessive solar radiation that is responsib...
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