Abstract
The paper presents a reconfigurable linear polarized transmitarray unit cell design with 1-bit phase quantization for C-band applications. The unit-cell structure consists of two square ring patches of reduced size, which are connected using a coupling element. Incorporating p-i-n diodes inside the coupling element allows controlling the current flow direction in the antennas and providing a 180° phase difference. An analysis of the unit-cell insertion loss contributed by small-size antennas and coupling between them is discussed. The p-i-n diode parasitic parameters are taken into consideration of the unit cell performance simulation. It was shown that the insertion loss caused by the p-i-n diodes parasitic parameters can be reduced. The original biasing circuitry providing p-i-n diodes control voltage is proposed. Simulation results of the reconfigurable unit cell are validated by measurements in a waveguide. As a result of measurements, the insertion loss is −2.3 dB at 5.9 GHz, the reflection coefficient module is less than −20 dB, the phase difference error does not exceed ± 1° in the passband, while 3-dB bandwidth corresponds to 180 MHz (3.4%).
Highlights
Nowadays, increasing the number of users of wireless networks and speedy progress in the Internet of Things (IoT), vehicle-to-vehicle communication for autonomous and anti-collision driving leads to growing requirements to channel capacity and throughput
On unit-cell insertion loss, the two cases with different couplings between the antennas were considered while maintaining the substrate thickness between antenna and ground plane equal to 1.2 mm, which corresponds to λg/20, where λg -transmission line wavelength at 5.9 GHz, and along with keeping the reflection coefficient module less than −10 dB
The structure of the unit cell consists of two square ring patches of reduced which applications is presented
Summary
Nowadays, increasing the number of users of wireless networks and speedy progress in the Internet of Things (IoT), vehicle-to-vehicle communication for autonomous and anti-collision driving leads to growing requirements to channel capacity and throughput. Minimizes the number of p-i-n diodes per unit cell and, in such a way, provides a low insertion loss level and avoids an array complexity. Another advantage of p-i-n diodes is the ability to operate over a wide frequency range up to a millimeter-wave [9,10]. In a 1-bit reconfigurable unit-cell selecting the feed point by low-loss RF switches changes the current flow direction in a receiving and transmitting antennas, and the required 180◦ phase shift is provided [13,14,15]. The unit cell can be used for transmitarray design with a beam-steering capability and can be scaled from C-band to a higher frequency range
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