Abstract
Small RNAs and extracellular vesicles: New mechanisms of cross-species communication and innovative tools for disease control.
Highlights
Some Small RNA (sRNA) from diverse classes of pathogens and parasites are transported into host cells and induce cross-kingdom or cross-species RNA silencing to facilitate infection (Fig 1)
Cai and colleagues developed an innovative sequential protoplastation method, which allowed for the removal of all plant cells and the purification of B. cinerea protoplasts/cells from infected Arabidopsis tissue [17]. These purified fungal cells contain host miRNAs and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), including Trans-acting siRNAs, called secondary phasing siRNAs [16]. These Arabidopsis sRNAs are delivered into interacting B. cinerea cells to induce silencing of fungal genes that are involved in pathogenicity, many of which are related to vesicle trafficking [16]
Since pathogen-infected samples were not included in this study, whether this class of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is involved in plant and pathogen interactions and whether tiny RNAs are delivered into pathogen cells via these EVs remain unclear
Summary
Some sRNAs from diverse classes of pathogens and parasites are transported into host cells and induce cross-kingdom or cross-species RNA silencing to facilitate infection (Fig 1). These Arabidopsis sRNAs are delivered into interacting B. cinerea cells to induce silencing of fungal genes that are involved in pathogenicity, many of which are related to vesicle trafficking [16].
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