İslam Hâkimiyeti Altındaki Yahudilerin Dini, Ekonomik ve İdari Durumu

Abstract

Although Jews do not constitute a large proportion of the world population, they have attracted attention in some issues. Especially because they are described as People of the Book in the Qur'an, they have also attracted the attention of Muslims. The first relations with the Jews, which started with the Prophet (Saws), have continued to the present day in various dimensions. In this study, in which the situation of the Jews living under Islamic rule is discussed from different points, the period of the Prophet (saws), Caliphs, Umayyad, Abbasid, Ayyubid, Mamluk and Ottoman periods are covered in general terms. Since this article deals with a very long history, general issues are mentioned as much as possible. The Jews, who were forced to live in difficult conditions under the Babylonian, Hellenic and Roman administrations in history, exposed to pressures and isolated in many respects, found peace under Islamic rule. Jews, in these periods, made real breakthroughs in religious, social, political, economic, etc. fields. As long as they were under the rule of Islam, matters such as life, property, honor and religion were under the guarantee of those states. For this reason, the Jews were able to obtain as many rights and freedoms as possible. The Jews, who had to continue their lives in other states where there was no Islamic domination, saw the lands administered by Muslims as a safe haven. Undoubtedly, the reason for this is the fair policy and broad tolerance of Islam implemented to non-Muslim subjects.