Abstract
The paper presents a numerical energy harvesting model for sensor nodes, SIVEH (Simulator I–V for EH), based on I–V hardware tracking. I–V tracking is demonstrated to be more accurate than traditional energy modeling techniques when some of the components present different power dissipation at either different operating voltages or drawn currents. SIVEH numerical computing allows fast simulation of long periods of time—days, weeks, months or years—using real solar radiation curves. Moreover, SIVEH modeling has been enhanced with sleep time rate dynamic adjustment, while seeking energy-neutral operation. This paper presents the model description, a functional verification and a critical comparison with the classic energy approach.
Highlights
The use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is widely extended in monitoring applications
This paper addresses the full description of SIVEH for a more general model, which can be implemented in both network simulation tools and numerical computation tools
In the SIVEH approach, these elements are ideally modeled by setting input current (Iin ) equal to the devices connected to its output current consumption (Iout ), as expressed in Equation (14)
Summary
The use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is widely extended in monitoring applications. Energy-aware management policies—which lead to energy-saving operation—are essential to avoid power-off failures on devices or unforeseen disconnection gap time periods with no energy to communicate Both hardware component consumption and the sensor duty cycle are important factors to determine super- or ultra-capacitor available energy. An accurate energy model is necessary in a very early design stage, before prototyping, to help the efficient design of the physical layer This model should consider dynamically adjusted packet reception and transmission rates, depending on available energy, to simulate energy-neutral operation (ENO). A resistor-capacitor (RC) network presents a different behavior at different energy levels To address this problem, this paper presents a mathematical I–V model for the design of EH-enabled WSN.
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