Simultaneous Distillation Extraction (SDE) and Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) for the Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) by Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) in Perilla Frutescens Foliage from South Korea

Abstract

In the recent past, meat consumption has increased around the world, which resulted in high consumer demand for fresh perilla leaves. The present study aimed at comparison of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) among three varieties of Perilla frutescens leaves from South Korea via simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) and headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME). A total of 138 VOCs were identified in leaves of P. frutescens varieties with 111 and 74 VOCs identified by SDE and HS-SPME, respectively. The P. frutescens for. viridis Makino leaves contained the highest concentrations of VOCs for both SDE (17.51 g/kg) and HS-SPME (1.463 g/kg) compared to the other varieties. Perilla ketone was the main volatile in P. frutescens var. acuta Kudo and P. frutescens var. japonica Hara while perilla aldehyde was the major compound in P. frutescens for. viridis Makino. Other major identified compounds were (E)-β-caryophellene, cumaldehyde, limonene, and octanol. Differences in the patterns of functional groups and terpene types were also demonstrated among the varieties. SDE provided more compounds while HS-SPME was more convenient for the determination.