Abstract
Variety assessment could be supported by the use of dynamic crop modelling. The SUNFLO model was developed to simulate the achene yield and oil concentration of sunflower crop with a special attention paid to the description of varietal diversity. For that purpose, a variety was characterized in the model by 12 parameters of phenology, leaf area development, allocation and response to water stress. These parameters were measured either in field conditions (dense stands) or in greenhouse pot experiments. In 2008, two variety trials were carried out by CETIOM in non limiting conditions and a greenhouse experiment was conducted by INRA to calibrate the response of leaf expansion and plant transpiration to soil water depletion. The model parameterized with these 3 experiments on 18 commercial varieties was evaluated for yield in 42 situations of the post-registration network conducted by CETIOM in France in 2008. The yield of a given variety in a given environment was simulated with a mean error of 5 q/ha (relative error = 16%). When averaging a variety over all the environments or an environment over all the varieties, the error was of 3.5 q/ha (relative error = 11%). The model could be used to rank environments (through sunflower crop response) in a variety assessment network and to separate varieties with sufficient phenotypic differences.
Highlights
La montée en puissance des préoccupations environnementales et des exigences de qualité des produits agricoles, mais aussi l’émergence de cahiers des charges « bas intrants » posent de nouvelles questions à l’évaluation des innovations variétales
Variety assessment could be supported by the use of dynamic crop modelling
The SUNFLO model was developed to simulate the achene yield and oil concentration of sunflower crop with a special attention paid to the description of varietal diversity
Summary
Le modèle SUNFLO 1.0 simule, jour après jour, la progression de l’enracinement, l’élaboration de la surface foliaire et de la biomasse aérienne du tournesol en fonction des contraintes de température, de rayonnement, d’eau et d’azote. Le modèle sépare le cycle en six phases en utilisant le temps thermique (base : 4,8 °C) : – semis (A0)-levée (A2) ; – A2-bouton étoilé (E1) ; – E1-stade F1 (début floraison) ; – F1-stade M0 (début remplissage des akènes) ; – M0-stade M3 (maturité physiologique) ; – M3-stade M4 (récolte). L’absorption d’eau et d’azote est évaluée chaque jour et des indices de stress sont calculés pour traduire l’effet de ces deux contraintes sur l’expansion foliaire et l’accumulation de biomasse. Le rendement est estimé par le biais d’un indice de récolte (IR) s’appliquant à la matière sèche totale produite à maturité physiologique et non pas à partir des composantes du rendement. Pour une présentation détaillée des équations du modèle SUNFLO 1.0, aux travaux de Casadebaig (2008) et de Casadebaig et al, (2010)
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